But a low birth weight baby can also have many serious health problems. Apr 02, 2009 april 2, 2009 low birth weight babies have been shown in numerous studies to have an elevated risk for heart disease in adulthood, and now a new study may help explain why researchers from. The factors vary from one area to another, depending upon geographic, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Risk factors associated with low birth weight article pdf available in journal of nepal health research council 92. Low birthweight a babys low weight at birth is either the result of preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation or of restricted foetal intrauterine growth. Premature birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy and fetal growth restriction are the most common causes of low birthweight. Frequency of different risk factors among low birth weight newborns n56 table ii shows that 59% of mothers and 35% fathers of newborn were illiterate, 55% has no history of any chronic disease, 64%. In recent years, studies focused on explaining how social factors influence this problem have shown that populations with greater inequities have a greater proportion of newborns with lbw. The global incidence of lbw is around 17%, although estimates. Risk factors for low birth weight and preterm birth. Results bases on social socioeconomic factors effecting the birth weight of child, on basis of wealth index, ethnic difference, religious factor. Prediction of low birth weight infants and its risk.
Birth weight is an important determinant of child survival and development. It is generally recognized that being born with low birth weight is a disadvantage for the baby. Low birth weight lbw and preterm birth pb are associated with newborn mortality and diseases in adulthood. Birth weight is the weight of the newborn measured immediately after birth. Risk factors associated with low birth weight of neonates among pregnant women attending a referral hospital in northern tanzania j. Low birth weight thus defines a heterogeneous group of infants. Maternal risk factors for low birth weight in a district hospital in ashanti region of ghana over 24,025women who delivered at the maternity ward of the hospital. The present study was conducted to determine the epidemiological factors influencing low birth weight.
Determinants of low birth weight a cross sectional study munich. Risk factors associated with low birth weight infants in the. Objectives this study examined risk and protective factors associated with very low birth weight vlbw for babies born to women receiving adequate or inadequate prenatal care. The study found that the major positive risk factors for low birth weight were. Increasing infant mortality among very low birthweight. The variables including age, parity, booking status, maternal weight and height. To find out the incidence of low birth weight babies and assess the various risk factors responsible or contributing the production of low birth weight, very low birth weight, extremely low birth weight babies materials and method. Low birthweight in newborns symptoms and causes boston. A total of 337 lbw newborn babies, 472 pb babies, and 708 babies with normal birth weights and born from term pregnancies were. The aim of this study was to determine incidence and risk factors for low birth weight, and associated perinatal morbidity and mortality in northern tanzania which will in turn help to design appropriate interventions to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes associated with lbw, and help to accelerate efforts towards millenium development goal 4. Based on world health organization whos definition, low birth weight lbw defines as a child with birth weight lower than 2500 g. Increasing infant mortality among very low birthweight infants delaware, 19942000 one of the national health objectives for 2010 is to reduce the u. This crosssectional study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynaecology layari general hospital and dow university of health.
It was concluded that low maternal bmi, primiparity and no birth interval or interval social, and environmental determinants of low birth weight and stunting, using data from the 200506 zimbabwe demographic and health survey zdhs. Despite the association between low birth weight and risk of chronic kidney disease in later life, early detection and management of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors are highly. Risk factors for low birth weight according to the multiple. Abstract the study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of low birth weight lbw in 1109 hospital births in zahedan city, islamic republic of iran. Risk factors for low birth weight in bale zone hospitals.
Factors associated with low birth weight, united states, 1976. Jan 01, 2017 modeling maternal risk factors affecting low birth weight among infants in kenya. May 19, 2015 birth weight is one of the most important health indicators of development in every country as one of the main factors for normal growth and development and even survival of newborns and infants. It was concluded that low maternal bmi, primiparity and no birth interval or interval risk factors. Sep 17, 2015 birth weight is an important determinant of child survival and development. Low birth weight, pregnancy, risk factors, hospital, tanzania tanzania journal of health research 2008, vol. A low birth weight baby may be healthy even though he or she is small. In all those patients who gave birth to lbw babies risk factors were assessed. Nancy wairimu gathimba 1, anthony wanjoya 1, george kipruto kiplagat 1, levi mbugua 2, koima kibiwott 3. The primary cause is premature birth, being born before 37 weeks gestation. Health effects low birthweight and the environment cdc. Some low birthweight babies are healthy, but others have serious health problems that need treatment. Gaining more weight than recommended was not a risk factor for infant mortality, but may be related to subsequent maternal health problems.
Siza national institute for medical research, mwanza research centre. A total of 337 lbw newborn babies, 472 pb babies, and 708 babies with normal birth weights and born from term pregnancies were included in. A babys low weight at birth is either the result of preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation or of. The present study was conducted to explore the associated risk factors of low birth weight which will be helpful to undertake effective measures to reduce the incidence of the low birth weight babies. Regarding antenatal factors 87% mild, % moderate and no. Majority of low birth weight babies are born premature. Despite efforts to decrease the proportion of newborns with lbw, success has been quite limited. Low birth weight is a term used to describe babies who are born weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces 2,500 grams. The prevalence of low birth weight in the study area is the highest in the country. There have been many researches on its causes and its effects. This client will be able to participate actively in all decisions related to the birth process and is likely to receive fewer interventions during the birth process. When considering a foetus that is small for its gestational age, it is important to differentiate whether this is due to intrauterine growth restriction iugr, prematurity or other constitutional factors.
Midwifery services are available to all low risk pregnant women, regardless of the type of insurance they have. Some are born early, some are born growthrestricted, and others are born both early and growthrestricted. Descriptive statistics of risk factors of low birth weight n56 table ii. Low birth weight health encyclopedia university of. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight among mothers who delivered at governmental hospitals.
Risk factors and adverse perinatal outcome associated with. In this study, various factors associated with low birth weight were identified in a developing country population with an elevated prevalence of high risk pregnancies, and these results are in agreement with data published in the literature with respect to various risk factors for low birth weight. This study was done to assess the maternal and sociodemographic factors associated with low birth weight lbw babies. Risk factors of low birth weight and effect of them on growth. Linked birth and death records provided the population for a study of trends in low birth weight lbw rates in baltimore between 1972 and 1977 and of the effect of changes in the characteristics of the childbearing population on these.
One thousand two hundred 1,200 who delivered at the hospital. A case control study on risk factors associated with low. Reducing the risk of having a low birth weight baby for. Risk factors of low birth weight and effect of them on growth pattern of children up to sixth months of life. Low birth weight is an indicator that predicts the probability of a child surviving. In malaysia, only two studies on lbw infants had been reported previously. Low birthweight is when a baby is born weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces. In fact, there is an exponential relationship between weight deficit, gestational age, and perinatal mortality. Maternal risk factors for low birth weight in a district.
Frequency and risk factors of low birth weight in term. In zimbabwe the prevalence of stunting among children age 059 months has increased over the past decade, from 21% in the 1994 zdhs to 28% in 200506. Jul 07, 2016 reducing the risk of having a low birth weight baby expectant parents can take steps to tip the scales in favor of a newborns longterm health. The prominent factors associated with low birth weight lbw such as maternal age, parity, obstetric and maternal anthropometry were studied in a rural community of district dehradun. Globally, 20 million, an estimated 15% to 20% of babies were born with lbw, and, of these. We will focus on what be believe to be the most important causes.
Apr 11, 2017 low birth weight lbw and preterm birth pb are associated with newborn mortality and diseases in adulthood. Low birth weight lbw is a serious public health concern in low and middleincome countries. Factors associated with preterm birth and low birth weight. The mortality of low birth weight can be reduced if the maternal risk factors are detected early and managed by simple techniques. Improving a mothers knowledge of and practice for a healthy pregnancy needs to be.
Regarding prevalence of low birth weight 48% were moderate low birth weight, 43% were very low birth weight and 9% were extreme low birth weight. Low birthweight in newborns symptoms and causes what causes low birthweight. Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as low birth weight lbw babies. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of sociobehavioral factors on neonatal birth weight. So far, the prevalence and traditional maternal feeding practice correlates of low birth weight have not been explored well in ethiopia. Oct, 2015 the prevalence of low birth weight in the study area is the highest in the country. We explored factors related to lbw and pb by conducting a populationbased casecontrol study from january 2011 to december 20 in wuhan, china. Maternal factors in predicting low birth weight babies med j malaysia vol 68 no 1 february 20 45 odds ratios were used to test the association between birth weight and maternal variables. Risk factors of low birth weight and effect of them on. Maternal factors in predicting low birth weight babies.
This study examines the biological, social, and environmental determinants of low birth weight and stunting, using data from the 200506 zimbabwe demographic and health survey zdhs. Prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in ardabil. Factors associated with low birth weight in a historical. Introduction low birth weight babies have been defined by w. A crosssectional study article pdf available june 2015 with 46 reads how we. Risk factors of low birth weight baby researchgate.
Low birth weight lbw is one of the most important health indicators in the world. Introduction low birth weight lbw is the most common cause of neonatal death in developing countries. Modeling maternal risk factors affecting low birth weight. The neglected sociobehavioral risk factors of low birth. Inadequate pregnancy weight gain a risk factor for infant. Low birth weight in a municipality in the southeast region of. Prevalence and risk factors of lowbirthweight infants. To the investigators knowledge in bale zone, no study has yet been done to elucidate the risk factors for low birth weight using case control study design. This study was aimed to identify the risk factors of low birth weight in bale zone hospitals. It contributes substantially to neonatal, infant and. Low birth weight babies are at a greater risk of dying during the first year of life and more likely to.
Some lowbirthweight babies are healthy, but others have serious health problems that need treatment. It is important that childbearing women have pregnancy weight gain goals that are specific to their individual bmi, added dr. Low birth weight is one of the main risk factors for infant morbidity and mortality. Pdf incidence and associated risk factors of low birth. The subjects were all women who delivered at manhyia hospital within the years 2010 and 2012. Data was categorized across risk factors and stratified by adequacy of prenatal care pnc. An unmatched case control study was done involving 159 cases mothers having lbw singleton babies and 159 controls mothers having normal birth weight singleton babies. Frequency and risk factors of low birth weight in term pregnancy. Risk factors associated with very low birth weight in a large. Pdf risk factors of low birth weight and effect of them on. Biological, social, and environmental determinants of low. The statistical significance level used in this study was at p low birth weight was defined using multiple logistic regressions. Ors of lbw babies for those factors were high among lao mothers.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight among mothers who delivered at governmental hospitals, northern. Birth weight is one of the most important health indicators of development in every country as one of the main factors for normal growth and development and even survival of newborns and infants. Although the contribution of vitamin d deficiency to low birth weight has not been estimable, evidence suggests it may be the largest contributor to preterm birth, and therefore will contribute to a substantial proportion of low birth weight. The risk factors identified include maternal age, not having a partner, low maternal. Socioeconomic factors and low birth weight in mexico bmc. Risk factors associated with low birth weight of neonates.
The statistical significance level used in this study was at p symptoms and causes what causes low birthweight. This can happen for many different reasons which may or may not be related. Prediction of low birth weight infants and its risk factors. To determine frequency of low birth weight lbw at term and to determine frequency of various associated risk factors. Low birth weight lbw is a public health problem linked to lack of equity in populations. A low birth weight infant can be born too small, too early, or both.
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